Laws of Learning in Thorndike’s Theory
Edward Thorndike’s theory of learning is foundational in
educational psychology, emphasizing that learning occurs through the formation
of connections between stimuli and responses. His theory is famously
encapsulated in three fundamental Laws
of Learning which explain how behaviors are acquired and strengthened
through experience. These laws are the Law
of Readiness, the Law of Exercise,
and the Law of Effect (Simply
Psychology, 2024; Semanticscholar, 2025).
1.
Law of Readiness
This law states that learning is
most effective when the learner is physically and mentally prepared or ready to learn. This means that the
learner’s body and mind must be free from distractions such as hunger or
fatigue, and they must have the motivation or willingness to engage with the
learning task. Without readiness, attempts to learn may be ineffective or cause
frustration. For example, a student who is tired or hungry will struggle to concentrate
on solving math problems, thus impeding learning (Simply Psychology, 2024).
2.
Law of Exercise
According to this law, connections
between stimuli and responses are strengthened with repetition and practice.
The more a behavior is repeated, the stronger the association becomes, leading
to better retention and mastery. Conversely, connections weaken when practice
is discontinued. For instance, a pianist who practices scales daily will
improve finger dexterity and muscle memory, whereas skipping practice sessions
may cause skill decline (Semanticscholar, 2025).
3.
Law of Effect
This law emphasizes that behaviors followed by satisfying or rewarding consequences are more likely to be repeated, whereas those followed by unpleasant outcomes are less likely to recur. Positive reinforcement strengthens the stimulus-response bond. For example, if a child correctly completes a puzzle and receives praise or a reward, they are more motivated to attempt similar puzzles in the future, reinforcing the learning process (Simply Psychology, 2024; PMC, 2002).
Summary Table of Thorndike’s Laws of
Learning
|
Law |
Key Idea |
Example |
|
Readiness |
Learner
must be mentally and physically prepared to learn |
A
hungry child struggles to focus in class |
|
Exercise |
Repetition
strengthens learning connections |
Practicing
a musical instrument strengthens skills |
|
Effect |
Rewarding
outcomes increase likelihood of behavior repetition |
Praise
after good work motivates continued effort |
Take
note of this these:
· Thorndike’s theory is behaviorist, focusing on observable
behaviors and external reinforcement rather than internal thoughts or feelings.
· Learning is seen as trial-and-error, where successful
responses are strengthened while unsuccessful ones are discarded.
· These laws support educational
practices such as breaking down complex skills into manageable parts,
reinforcing learning with practice, and encouraging positive feedback.
References: